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Pretraining Scaling

Understanding how model capabilities improve with increased compute, data, and parameters through empirical scaling laws.

Overview

Pretraining scaling research studies how AI model performance changes as we increase model size, training data, and compute. Empirical scaling laws predict model capabilities based on these factors, enabling efficient resource allocation for training runs. The Chinchilla paper showed that many models were undertrained relative to their size. Understanding scaling is crucial for predicting future AI capabilities and planning large training runs that can cost tens of millions of dollars.

Key Research Areas

Empirical scaling laws for model performance

Compute-optimal model and data sizing

Predicting emergent capabilities from scale

Efficient allocation of training compute

Scaling beyond current model sizes

Understanding scaling law breakdowns

Research Challenges

Scaling laws may break at different scales

Expensive to gather empirical data points

Emergent capabilities hard to predict

Different domains may have different laws

Data quality affects scaling relationships

Architectural choices impact scaling behavior

Practical Applications

Planning efficient large-scale training runs

Predicting ROI of compute investments

Forecasting AI capability timelines

Optimizing model size for deployment constraints

Guiding research resource allocation

Understanding paths to AGI

Future Research Directions

Future research must understand if and when current scaling laws break down. Studying scaling of multimodal models, mixture-of-experts architectures, and other advanced designs is crucial. Predicting specific emergent capabilities from scaling parameters remains largely unsolved. Understanding data scaling separately from parameter scaling will enable more efficient training. As we approach limits of available training data, research into data efficiency and synthetic data becomes critical.

Discuss This Research

Interested in collaborating or discussing pretraining scaling? Get in touch.

Contact Francis